{"id":3679,"date":"2026-08-31T07:56:05","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T07:56:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/?p=3679"},"modified":"2026-09-15T05:58:41","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T05:58:41","slug":"surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0423\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f 300-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043b \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><br>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443. \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f <strong>\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438, \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u044b, \u0441\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438<\/strong>. \u041d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439. \u0418\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0448\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445. \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e, \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u043b\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0434 \u0438 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f: \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043a \u2014 \u041e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0445<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><br>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 1400-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u0412 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c. \u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0431\u044b\u043b, \u0432\u044b \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0435. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a XIV \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u044e \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 492 \u0444\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 42 \u0444\u0443\u0442\u0430. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 1000 \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432. \u0412 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u043e \u0443 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435. \u041a\u0440\u044b\u0448\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0448\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u0417\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u044b\u0448\u0430\u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 1800\u2014\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e. \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044f, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f: \u0416\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043a \u2014 \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u041f\u044d\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u041c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><br>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435. \u0412 1800-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0435. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043d \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0433 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 1827 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0427\u0430\u0440\u043b\u044c\u0437 \u0424\u0430\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u044e \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d-\u043f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u0432 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0439. \u041d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0432 1851 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443. \u0417\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0425\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446. \u0421\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430. \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0417\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e 1848 \u0444\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0438 408 \u0444\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e 18 \u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 990 000 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e 540 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0438 3450 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d \u0447\u0443\u0433\u0443\u043d\u0430. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e 293 000 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 14 000 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432? \u041f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0425\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e. \u041e\u043d \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u043e \u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0435\u0442. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435, \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e. \u041b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0436\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e. \u0417\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e. \u0410 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f. \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0432 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 1800-\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 1900-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c. \u0412 Palm House \u0432 \u041a\u044c\u044e \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441 (1848) \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/yangguangfang05-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/yangguangfang05-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/yangguangfang05-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/yangguangfang05-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/yangguangfang05-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/yangguangfang05-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/yangguangfang05-600x338.webp 600w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/yangguangfang05.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044f: \u0412\u0435\u043a \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>\u0410\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/strong> \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 1800-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c. \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 1800-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, <strong>\u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/strong> \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 1886 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0427\u0430\u0440\u043b\u044c\u0437 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0425\u043e\u043b\u043b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043b \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <strong>\u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/strong> \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043e. \u041a 1890-\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0410\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u043d \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438. \u041e\u043d \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0435\u0442. \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0439. \u0418 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 <strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430, \u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0438. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0432 1932 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0411\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0432 \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0438\u044f, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0432 1938 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 1955 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0441\u044b \u043f\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 1980-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u0412\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/menchuang26060805-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/menchuang26060805-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/menchuang26060805-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/menchuang26060805-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/menchuang26060805-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/menchuang26060805-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/menchuang26060805-600x338.webp 600w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/menchuang26060805.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u043e-\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445, \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0435\u0442. \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0433\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0435\u0442. \u0410\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u044e. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e \u0433\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u043e-\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445, \u043e\u043d \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u0417\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0434 \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412-\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0438\u0445, \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430. \u0410\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0443. \u0422\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u044b \u2014 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412-\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0445, \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u0410\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e. \u0410\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412-\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0445, \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438. \u0410\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 100% \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043e\u043a. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0432 2005-2006 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 250 000 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a 80 000-90 000 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 48%. \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0441 \u041f\u0412\u0425 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e 75% \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 66% \u0432 2022 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><br>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c. \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u044e \u2014 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e, \u043d\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0443\u044e, \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0443\u044e. \u0416\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0425\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438. \u0410\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0434 \u2014 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u044b \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u0410\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0422\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0448\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044f, \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043a \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0443 \u0438 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0420\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435. \u0420\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438, \u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435, \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c 300-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u041e\u0442 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u043c 1600-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0438\u0437\u044f\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 - \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0410 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TUPIAN-082802-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3671\" srcset=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TUPIAN-082802-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TUPIAN-082802-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TUPIAN-082802-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TUPIAN-082802-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TUPIAN-082802-600x338.webp 600w, https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/TUPIAN-082802.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041e\u0431 \u0410\u043b\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Alummira - \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d, \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u041c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u2014 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 OEM \u0438 ODM \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 - \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437, \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c. \u041c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b. \u041d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. Alummira \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:600\">\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<br>ArchDaily. &#8220; \u041e\u0442 \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0420\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0440\u0430: \u044d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439.&#8221; www.archdaily.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:600\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a. &#8220;\u041e\u0442 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438.&#8221; total-installer.co.uk<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Walk through any European suburb today and you will see them everywhere. Glass rooms attached to the back of houses, filled with plants and afternoon light. They are called pergola,conservatories, sunrooms, or orangeries. But three hundred years ago, these spaces were not for ordinary people. They were built only for kings and nobles. The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,64],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pergola","category-product"],"blocksy_meta":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Introduction Walk through any European suburb today and you will see them everywhere. Glass rooms attached to the back of houses, filled with plants and afternoon light. They are called pergola,conservatories, sunrooms, or orangeries. But three hundred years ago, these spaces were not for ordinary people. They were built only for kings and nobles. The\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"alummmira\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"alummira.com - Custom Aluminum Extrusions Manufacturer\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes - alummira.com\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introduction Walk through any European suburb today and you will see them everywhere. Glass rooms attached to the back of houses, filled with plants and afternoon light. They are called pergola,conservatories, sunrooms, or orangeries. But three hundred years ago, these spaces were not for ordinary people. They were built only for kings and nobles. The\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u9510\u73c0LOGO2025.png\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u9510\u73c0LOGO2025.png\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-31T07:56:05+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-15T05:58:41+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes - alummira.com\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Introduction Walk through any European suburb today and you will see them everywhere. Glass rooms attached to the back of houses, filled with plants and afternoon light. They are called pergola,conservatories, sunrooms, or orangeries. But three hundred years ago, these spaces were not for ordinary people. They were built only for kings and nobles. The\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u9510\u73c0LOGO2025.png\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\\\/#blogposting\",\"name\":\"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes - alummira.com\",\"headline\":\"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/author\\\/390570649qq-com\\\/#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/yangguangfang05.webp\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\\\/#articleImage\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080},\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-31T07:56:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-15T05:58:41+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\\\/#webpage\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\\\/#webpage\"},\"articleSection\":\"pergola, product\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\\\/#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/category\\\/product\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"product\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/category\\\/product\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"product\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/category\\\/product\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/category\\\/product\\\/pergola\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"pergola\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Home\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/category\\\/product\\\/pergola\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"pergola\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/category\\\/product\\\/pergola\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/category\\\/product\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"product\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/category\\\/product\\\/pergola\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"pergola\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"alummira.com\",\"description\":\"Custom Aluminum Extrusions Manufacturer\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/\",\"email\":\"info@alummira.com\",\"telephone\":\"+8615813601513\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/alummira-2026logo.png\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\\\/#organizationLogo\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\\\/#organizationLogo\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/author\\\/390570649qq-com\\\/#author\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/author\\\/390570649qq-com\\\/\",\"name\":\"alummmira\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\\\/#authorImage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/53459a77886e7c854d0923aa704ae265d39bb0bab15f9410fde6f6e4b194f618?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"width\":96,\"height\":96,\"caption\":\"alummmira\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\\\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\\\/\",\"name\":\"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes - alummira.com\",\"description\":\"Introduction Walk through any European suburb today and you will see them everywhere. Glass rooms attached to the back of houses, filled with plants and afternoon light. They are called pergola,conservatories, sunrooms, or orangeries. But three hundred years ago, these spaces were not for ordinary people. They were built only for kings and nobles. The\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\\\/#breadcrumblist\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/author\\\/390570649qq-com\\\/#author\"},\"creator\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/author\\\/390570649qq-com\\\/#author\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-31T07:56:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-15T05:58:41+00:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/\",\"name\":\"alummira.com\",\"alternateName\":\"alum\",\"description\":\"Custom Aluminum Extrusions Manufacturer\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/alummira.com\\\/ru\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes - alummira.com","description":"Introduction Walk through any European suburb today and you will see them everywhere. Glass rooms attached to the back of houses, filled with plants and afternoon light. They are called pergola,conservatories, sunrooms, or orangeries. But three hundred years ago, these spaces were not for ordinary people. They were built only for kings and nobles. The","canonical_url":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/#blogposting","name":"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes - alummira.com","headline":"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/author\/390570649qq-com\/#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/yangguangfang05.webp","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/#articleImage","width":1920,"height":1080},"datePublished":"2026-08-31T07:56:05+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-15T05:58:41+00:00","inLanguage":"ru-RU","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/#webpage"},"articleSection":"pergola, product"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/category\/product\/#listItem","name":"product"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/category\/product\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"product","item":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/category\/product\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/category\/product\/pergola\/#listItem","name":"pergola"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/#listItem","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/category\/product\/pergola\/#listItem","position":3,"name":"pergola","item":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/category\/product\/pergola\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/#listItem","name":"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/category\/product\/#listItem","name":"product"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/#listItem","position":4,"name":"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/category\/product\/pergola\/#listItem","name":"pergola"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/#organization","name":"alummira.com","description":"Custom Aluminum Extrusions Manufacturer","url":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/","email":"info@alummira.com","telephone":"+8615813601513","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/alummira-2026logo.png","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/#organizationLogo"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/#organizationLogo"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/author\/390570649qq-com\/#author","url":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/author\/390570649qq-com\/","name":"alummmira","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/#authorImage","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/53459a77886e7c854d0923aa704ae265d39bb0bab15f9410fde6f6e4b194f618?s=96&d=mm&r=g","width":96,"height":96,"caption":"alummmira"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/","name":"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes - alummira.com","description":"Introduction Walk through any European suburb today and you will see them everywhere. Glass rooms attached to the back of houses, filled with plants and afternoon light. They are called pergola,conservatories, sunrooms, or orangeries. But three hundred years ago, these spaces were not for ordinary people. They were built only for kings and nobles. The","inLanguage":"ru-RU","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/author\/390570649qq-com\/#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/author\/390570649qq-com\/#author"},"datePublished":"2026-08-31T07:56:05+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-15T05:58:41+00:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/#website","url":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/","name":"alummira.com","alternateName":"alum","description":"Custom Aluminum Extrusions Manufacturer","inLanguage":"ru-RU","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"ru_RU","og:site_name":"alummira.com - Custom Aluminum Extrusions Manufacturer","og:type":"article","og:title":"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes - alummira.com","og:description":"Introduction Walk through any European suburb today and you will see them everywhere. Glass rooms attached to the back of houses, filled with plants and afternoon light. They are called pergola,conservatories, sunrooms, or orangeries. But three hundred years ago, these spaces were not for ordinary people. They were built only for kings and nobles. The","og:url":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/","og:image":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u9510\u73c0LOGO2025.png","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u9510\u73c0LOGO2025.png","article:published_time":"2026-08-31T07:56:05+00:00","article:modified_time":"2026-09-15T05:58:41+00:00","twitter:card":"summary_large_image","twitter:title":"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes - alummira.com","twitter:description":"Introduction Walk through any European suburb today and you will see them everywhere. Glass rooms attached to the back of houses, filled with plants and afternoon light. They are called pergola,conservatories, sunrooms, or orangeries. But three hundred years ago, these spaces were not for ordinary people. They were built only for kings and nobles. The","twitter:image":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/\u9510\u73c0LOGO2025.png"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"3679","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"pergola","score":75},"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"BlogPosting","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":{"faqs":[],"keyPoints":[],"schemas":[],"titles":[],"descriptions":[],"socialPosts":{"email":[],"linkedin":[],"twitter":[],"facebook":[],"instagram":[]}},"created":"2026-08-31 07:47:59","updated":"2026-09-15 07:09:30","seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"focus_keyword":"pergola","additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/category\/product\/\" title=\"product\">product<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/category\/product\/pergola\/\" title=\"pergola\">pergola<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\tSurprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/"},{"label":"product","link":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/category\/product\/"},{"label":"pergola","link":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/category\/product\/pergola\/"},{"label":"Surprising 300 Year History: How Pergola Materials Reshaped European Homes","link":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/surprising-300-yearhistoryhow-pergola-materials-reshaped-european-homes\/"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3679"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3679\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3779,"href":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3679\/revisions\/3779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alummira.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}